Diagnostic methods are the methods used to collect data related to pathological conditions, including inspection, listening and smelling, inquiry and pulse-taking. Inspection means to examine the external manifestations and excreta; listening and smelling means to examine the speech, breath and odor of the patient; inquiry means to get to know the occurrence, development and treatment of the disease as well as the present symptoms and other information relevant to the disease by asking the patient or the people accompanying the patient; pulse-taking means to examine the pulse and the related regions of the patient.
The human body is a organic whole. Under morbid conditions, local pathological changes may affect the whole body; internal pathological changes can be manifested through the five sensory organs, the four limbs and the superficies. With the examination of the symptoms and signs of a disease by means of the four diagnostic methods, one can understand the cause of the disease and analyze the pathogenesis of the disease so as to provide evidence for deciding treatment based on syndrome differentiation.
The four diagnostic methods are used to examine disease from different angles and they cannot replace each other in diagnosis. So in clinical practice, they are usually used in combination for systematic understanding of a disease in order to ensure comprehensive analysis and correct diagnosis.
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